Abstract

Review Article

Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease and the Hair Growth Cycle: Addressing hair growth disruptions using Nourkrin® with Marilex® as a proteoglycan replacement therapy: A concise review

Thom E*, Wadstein J, Kingsley DH* and Thom EW

Published: 23 May, 2018 | Volume 2 - Issue 1 | Pages: 001-007

Alopecia is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and it appears that there is a relationship between the degree of hair loss and the risk of coronary heart disease, meaning, the greater the severity of alopecia, the greater the risk of coronary heart disease. Alopecia is also associated with an increased risk of hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome as well as elevated serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It has not been definitively established whether patients with androgenetic alopecia have a higher cardiovascular risk or prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and results of recent studies indicate that androgenetic alopecia patients do not show differences in insulin resistance or the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. However, androgenetic alopecia patients do show a higher cardiovascular risk, characterised by increased inflammatory parameters and Lp(a) levels. Data collected from female populations are scarce, but it would be interesting to extend our clinical knowledge with this type of data to further our understanding of the connection between androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. The divergence in results from different studies done in this context may simply be a result of the composition of the study populations with respect to age, gender, severity of alopecia, sample size and perhaps ethnicity. In this connection, a large group of androgenetic alopecia patients is necessary, including different representative groups and varying severities of alopecia. Furthermore, it is recommended that all women and men with androgenetic alopecia be thoroughly examined and that lifestyle changes are made early on to reduce the risk of various problems associated with metabolic syndrome, since androgenetic alopecia can be considered an early marker of metabolic syndrome.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.adr.1001004 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Androgenetic alopecia; Risk factor; Metabolic syndrome; Cardiovascular disease; Early intervention; Nourkrin; Marilex; Proteoglycan replacement therapy

References

  1. Paus R, Olsen EA, Messenger AG. Hair growth disorders. In: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller, AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K, eds. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2008: 753-777. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Rm6pUQ
  2. Fulop T, Tessier D, Carpentier A. The metabolic syndrome. Pathologie Biologie. 2006; 54: 375-386. Ref.: https://goo.gl/NVS9WU
  3. Acibucu F, Kayatas M, Candan F. The association of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in early androgenetic alopecia. Singapore Med J. 2010; 51: 931-936. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Kqs69v
  4. Mumcuoglu C, Ekmekci TR, Ucak S. The investigation of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in male patients with early-onset androgenetic alopecia. Eur J Dermatol. 2011; 21: 79-82. Ref.: https://goo.gl/zBa1TX
  5. Nermeen SA, Fattah A, Yasser W, Darwish. Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance: are they truly associated?. Int J Dermatol. 2011; 50: 417-422. Ref.: https://goo.gl/77MFB6
  6. Matilainen V, Koskela P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. Early androgenetic alopecia as a marker of insulin resistance. Lancet. 2000; 356: 1165-1166. Ref.: https://goo.gl/UZC7eS
  7. Matilainen V, Laakso M, Hirsso P, Koskela P, Rajala U, et al. Hair loss, insulin resistance, and heredity in middle-aged women. A population-based study. J Cardiovasc Risk. 2003; 10: 227-231. Ref.: https://goo.gl/jPPG7b
  8. Nabaie L, Kavand S, Robati RM, Sarrafi-rad N, Kavand S, et al. Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance are they really related? Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009; 34: 694-697. Ref.: https://goo.gl/JQhBQx
  9. Lie C, Liew CF, Oon HH. Alopecia and metabolic syndrome. Clin Dermatol. 2018; 36: 54-61. Ref.: https://goo.gl/AnSNZT
  10. Trieu N, Eslick GD. Alopecia and its association with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2014; 176: 687-695. Ref.: https://goo.gl/rWSS8S
  11. Yang CC, Hsieh FN, Lin LY, Hsu CK, Sheu HM, et al. Higher body mass index is associated with greater severity of alopecia in men with male-pattern androgenetic alopecia in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014; 70: 297-302. Ref.: https://goo.gl/t6DVLt
  12. LoPresti P, Papa CM, Kligman AM. Hot comb alopecia. Arch Dermatol. 1968; 98: 234-238. Ref.: https://goo.gl/B6nK9G
  13. Gathers RC, Jankowski M, Eide M, Lim HW. Hair grooming practice and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 60: 574-578. Ref.: https://goo.gl/3T1ry8
  14. Trüeb RM. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2010; 4: 281-284. Ref.: https://goo.gl/4TqV3p
  15. Su LH, Chen THH. Association of androgenetic alopecia with metabolic syndrome in men: a community-based survey. Br J Dermatol. 2010; 163: 371-377. Ref.: https://goo.gl/mE3Umm
  16. Kyei A, Bergfeld WF, Piliang M. Medical and environmental risk factors for the development of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: a population study. Arch Dermatol. 2011; 147: 909-914. Ref.: https://goo.gl/g3scgC
  17. Airas-Santiago S, Gutiérrez-Salmerón MT, Buendía-Eisman A, Girón-Prieto MS, Naranjo-Sintes R. Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of hyperglycemia in patients with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011; 65: 48-53. Ref.: https://goo.gl/1QFUcE
  18. Cakir E. Is prediabetes risk factor for hair loss? Med Hypotheses. 2012; 79: 879. Ref.: https://goo.gl/mcM3ry
  19. Yi SM, Son SW, Lee KG, Kim SH, Lee SK, et al. Gender-specific association of androgenetic alopecia with metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged Korean population. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 167: 306-313. Ref.: https://goo.gl/9sd5t6
  20. El Sayed MH, Abdallah MA, Aly DG, Khater NH. Association of metabolic syndrome with female pattern hair loss in women: a case-control study. Int J Dermatol. 2016; 55: 1131-1137. Ref.: https://goo.gl/DDypmB
  21. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2709-2716. Ref.: https://goo.gl/4icKWt
  22. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002; 106: 3143-3421. Ref.: https://goo.gl/xr9X8B
  23. Gisondi P, Teesari G, Conti A, Piaserico S, Schianchi S, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis: a hospital-based case-control study. Br J Dermatol. 2007; 157: 68-73. Ref.: https://goo.gl/gdfQ3i
  24. Padhi T, Garima. Metabolic syndrome and skin: psoriasis and beyond. Indian J Dermatol. 2013; 58: 299-305. Ref.: https://goo.gl/U7QNnS
  25. Hirsso P, Rajala U, Hiltunen L, Jokelainen J, Nayha S, et al. Obesity and low-grade inflammation among young Finnish men with early-onset alopecia. Dermatology. 2007; 214: 125-129. Ref.: https://goo.gl/ym8vyN
  26. McElwee KJ, Shapiro JS. Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing androgenic alopecia. Skin Therapy Lett. 2012; 17: 1-4. Ref.: https://goo.gl/DZz34d
  27. Thom E. Stress and the hair growth cycle: cortisol-induced hair growth disruption. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016; 15: 1001-1004. Ref.: https://goo.gl/VdLKzF
  28. Bernard BA. Advances in understanding hair growth. F1000Res. 2016; 8: 5. Ref.: https://goo.gl/5gMgT6
  29. Couchman JR. Hair follicle proteoglycans. J Invest Dermatol. 1993; 101: 60-64. Ref.: https://goo.gl/EnhdJh
  30. du Cros DL, LeBaron RG, Couchman JR. Association of versican with dermal matrices and its potential role in hair follicle development and cycling. J Invest Dermatol. 1995; 105: 426-431. Ref.: https://goo.gl/cQiXdj
  31. Kishimoto J, Ehama R, Wu L, Jiang N, Burgeson RE, et al. Selective activation of the versican promoter by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during hair follicle development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999; 96: 7336-7341. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Jcvt9r
  32. Kishimoto J, Soma T, Burgeson R, Hibino T. Versican expression by dermal papilla-regenerated hair follicles-a promising tool for hair-regrowth products. Int J Cosm Sci. 2004; 26: 165-166. Ref.: https://goo.gl/r6GGoS
  33. Soma T, Tajima M, Kishimoto J. Hair cycle-specific expression of versican in human hair follicles. J Dermatol Sci. 2005; 39: 147-154. Ref.: https://goo.gl/W8sHKA
  34. Malgouries S, Thibaut S, Bernard BA. Proteoglycan expression patterns in human hair follicle. Br J Dermatol. 2008; 158: 234-242. Ref.: https://goo.gl/SMw3Mf
  35. Thom E. Nourkrin: objective and subjective effects and tolerability in persons with hair loss. J Int Med Res. 2006; 34: 514-519. Ref.: https://goo.gl/cxMezG
  36. Thom E, Wadstein J, Thom EW, Kingsley DH. Treatment of hair thinning and hair ageing with specific lectican and leucine proteoglycans. A review. J Appl Cosmetol. 2014; 32: 105-115. Ref.: https://goo.gl/ENEHnw
  37. Kingsley DH, Thom E. Cosmetic hair treatments improve quality of life in women with female pattern hair loss. J Appl Cosmetol. 2012; 30: 49-59. Ref.: https://goo.gl/qYyg5Q
  38. Thom E. Pregnancy and the hair growth cycle: anagen induction against hair growth disruption using Nourkrin® with Marilex®, a proteoglycan replacement therapy. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2017; 16: 421-427. Ref.: https://goo.gl/zQv4Ct
  39. Thom E, Thom EW. Lifestyle diseases and the hair growth cycle: a multidisciplinary approach using Nourkrin® with Marilex®, a proteoglycan replacement therapy, for anagen induction and maintenance. Ann Dermatol Res. 2017; 1: 6-11. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y3wwz3fa

Figures:

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

  • Individual Treatment Trial of PIGV-Associated Mabry Syndrome with D-Mannose in a Young Child
    Marta Agnes Somorai*, Annabelle Arlt, Peter Krawitz, Jochen Baumkötter and Volker Mall Marta Agnes Somorai*, Annabelle Arlt, Peter Krawitz, Jochen Baumkötter, Volker Mall. Individual Treatment Trial of PIGV-Associated Mabry Syndrome with D-Mannose in a Young Child. J Genet Med Gene Ther. 2023: doi: 10.29328/journal.jgmgt.1001008; 6: 001-004
  • A rare cause of obstructive jaundice - case report
    Priya Mohan*, Sumathi Bavanandam and Sunil Kumar KS Priya Mohan*,Sumathi Bavanandam,Sunil Kumar KS. A rare cause of obstructive jaundice - case report . Ann Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017: doi: 10.29328/journal.hcg.1001001; 1: 001-003
  • Bilateral Parasymphyseal Osteoma
    Akanksha Gupta, Sangeeta Singh Malik, Swati Gupta and Ravi Prakash SM* Akanksha Gupta,Sangeeta Singh Malik,Swati Gupta,Ravi Prakash SM*. Bilateral Parasymphyseal Osteoma. J Clin Adv Dent. 2017: doi: 10.29328/journal.hjd.1001001; 1: 001-004
  • Impact of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles on Rice Plant
    Hrishikesh Upadhyaya*, Lutfa Begum, Bishal Dey, P K Nath and S K Panda Hrishikesh Upadhyaya*,Lutfa Begum,Bishal Dey,P K Nath,S K Panda. Impact of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles on Rice Plant. J Plant Sci Phytopathol. 2017: doi: 10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001001; 1: 001-010
  • Analysis of early Versus Delayed Carotid Surgery after Acute Ischemic Stroke
    PEROU Sébastien*, DETANTE Olivier, SPEAR Rafaelle, PIRVU Augustin, ELIE Amandine and MAGNE Jean-Luc PEROU Sébastien*,DETANTE Olivier,SPEAR Rafaelle,PIRVU Augustin,ELIE Amandine,MAGNE Jean-Luc. Analysis of early Versus Delayed Carotid Surgery after Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Neurosci Neurol Disord. 2017: doi: 10.29328/journal.jnnd.1001001; 1: 001-011

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?